Is the Cuatro a string or a percussion instrument?
The answer: both!
The Venezuelan Cuatro is one of the most versatile instruments in Latin American music. While it’s technically a string instrument, the way it’s played brings in percussive rhythm, making it a fascinating hybrid between the two categories.
Many string instruments can be played percussively — like guitars or ukuleles — but with the Cuatro, this technique is not optional, it’s essential. The signature sound of the Cuatro comes from a combination of regular strums, dry strums (known as chasquidos or frenados), and rhythmic knocks on the body of the instrument.
The Cuatro has a special reinforced area called the golpeador or fingerboard, built with extra wood to handle the impact of rhythmic hits. This design feature allows players to produce percussive sounds directly on the instrument, turning the Cuatro into a miniature rhythm section.
This mix of melody and rhythm is what makes the Cuatro so unique among string and percussion instruments.
Percussion With The Cuatro
Cuatro students usually start learning frenados in basic courses. As they advance, they begin using the golpeador to create rich, drum-like effects using the wooden body of the instrument.
When played well, the Cuatro doesn’t just accompany the music — it drives it. You can hear this clearly in the performances of Professor Adrián Toro, especially in his rendition of “De Que Callada Manera.” Listen to the introduction and ending: you’ll notice how every tap and strum adds rhythmic depth to the song.
Adrian Toro – De Que Callada Manera – Cuban Son
Listen especially to the introduction and the end of this piece played by professor Toro.
Why the Cuatro Is a Percussive String Instrument
The Cuatro produces sound through its four strings, but the player’s hands act like percussion tools — creating rhythms, accents, and beats on the body. This is why many musicians consider it both a string and percussion instrument.
Mastering this percussive style takes time and dedication, but once you do, it transforms how you play. Every rhythm, every strum, and every knock brings the music to life.
Related Cuatro Articles
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Mastering the Venezuelan Cuatro: Frets, Tuning & Finger Placement
